Factors influencing biodeposit production by the New Zealand freshwater mussel Echyridella menziesii     

Kevin J. Collier  Susan J. Clearwater  Paula H. M. W. Neijenhuis  Susanna A. Wood 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(1):1-15

Laboratory experiments on the New Zealand freshwater mussel Echyridella menziesii were used to investigate the short-term effects (7–8 days) of food type on rates of biodeposition and benthic substrate respiration. Post-feeding biodeposition rates ranged from 0.34 to 1.52?mg?g^?1?h^?1 (mean?=?0.50?mg g^?1?h^?1) and were unaffected by the addition of toxin-producing Microcystis. Addition of suspended sediment (30?mg?L^?1) visibly altered substrate composition, and increased total and inorganic biodeposit production rates by 24–33% compared to mussels fed commercial phytoplankton stock. Biodeposition rates of mussels in lake bed substrates were 38% higher than those in silica sand for identical feeding regimes, suggesting that a significant proportion of material produced in this experiment could have been derived from feeding on organic matter in the lake bed sediments. Respiration rates were higher in treatments with Microcystis but were unaffected by the presence of mussels. This laboratory study suggests that biodeposition by E. menziesii is resilient to short-term exposure to Microcystis, and highlights the ability of mussels to alter benthic substrate composition by incorporating suspended sediment into substrates.  相似文献   

Prediction of vegetation anomalies over an inland river basin in north‐western China          下载免费PDF全文

Jing Fu  Jun Niu  Bellie Sivakumar 《水文研究》2018,32(12):1814-1827

Vegetation cover plays an important role in linking the atmosphere, water, and land and is deemed as a key indicator in the terrestrial ecological system. Therefore, it is of great importance to monitor vegetation dynamics and understand the mechanisms of vegetation change, including that driven by climate change. This study examines (a) the evolution of vegetation dynamics over the Heihe River Basin in the typical arid zone in north‐western China using nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and Thiel Sen's slope; (b) the relationships between remotely sensed vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] and enhanced vegetation index [EVI]) and hydroclimatic variables based on correlation analysis; and (c) the prediction of vegetation anomalies using a multiple linear regression model. For the analysis, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI/EVI product and the gridded daily meteorological data at a spatial resolution of 0.125° over the period 2001–2010 are considered. The results indicate that vegetation cover improved over a large proportion during 2001–2010, with a significant trend towards warm and wet, characterized by an increase in average annual temperature and precipitation by 0.042 °C/year and 5.8 mm/year, respectively. We test the feasibility of NDVI and EVI in quantifying the responses of vegetation anomaly to climate change and develop a statistical model to predict vegetation dynamics in the basin. The NDVI‐based model is found to be more reliable than the EVI‐based model, partly due to the vegetation characteristics and geomorphologic properties of the study region. The proposed model performs well when there is no lag time between meteorological factors and vegetation indices for grassland and cropland, whereas 1‐month lead time prediction is found to be best for forest. The soil water content is introduced as an extra explanatory variable, which effectively improves the prediction accuracy for different land use types. In general, the predictive ability of the proposed model is stable and satisfactory, and the model can provide useful early warning information for regional water resources management under changing climate.  相似文献   

Terrestrial discharge influences microbioerosion and microbioeroder community structure in coral reefs     

SA Mwachireya  M Carreiro-Silva  BE Hartwick  TR McClanahan 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):25-42

Microbioerosion rates and microbioeroder community structure were studied in four Kenyan protected coral-reef lagoons using shell fragments of Tridacna giant clams to determine their response to the influence of terrestrial run-off. Fourteen different microbioeroder traces from seven cyanobacteria, three green algae and four fungi species were identified. The river discharge-impacted reef and ‘pristine’ reef showed similar composition but higher microbioeroder abundance and total cyanobacteria- and chlorophyte-bioeroded areas when compared with the other study reefs. Cyanobacteria dominated during the north-east monsoon (NEM) relative to the south-east monsoon (SEM) season, with algae and cyanobacteria being major microbioeroders in the river-impacted and pristine reefs. The rate of microbioerosion varied between 4.3 g CaCO3 m^?2 y^?1 (SEM) and 134.7 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1 (NEM), and was highest in the river-impacted reef (127.6 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1), which was almost double that in the pristine reef (69.5 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1) and the mangrove-fringed reef (56.2 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1). The microbioerosion rates measured in this study may not be high enough to cause concern with regard to the health and net carbonate production of Kenya’s coral reefs. Nevertheless, predicted increases in the frequency and severity of stresses related to global climate change (e.g. increased sea surface temperature, acidification), as well as interactions with local disturbances and their influence on bioerosion, may be increasingly important in the future.  相似文献   

Depth of closure: New calculation method based on sediment data     

Luis Aragonés  Jose Ignacio Pagán  Isabel López  José C.Serra 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(2):198-207

Obtaining depth of closure (DoC) in an accurate manner is a fundamental issue for coastal engineering, since good results for coastal structures and beach nourishment depend mainly on DoC. Currently, there are two methods for obtaining the DoC, mathematical formulations and profile surveys. However, these methods can incur important errors if one does not take into account the characteristics and morphology of the area, or if one does not have a sufficiently long time series. In this work the DoC is obtained from the break in the trend of the sediment with the depth, that is, in general with the increase of the depth a decrease in the size of the sediment takes place. However, at one point this tendency changes and the size increases, and then decreases again. When comparing the point where the minimum sediment size occurs before the increase, it is observed that the error incurred is small compared to other methods. If the Standard Deviation of Depth Change (SDDC) method is considered as the most accurate method, the error incurred by the proposed method is less than 7%. In addition, it can be seen that the dispersion of the sediment method always occurs outside the zone of bar movement. Whereas in the methods of profiles survey (using 2 cm precision profiles), sometimes the DoC is obtained within the active zone of bar movement. In addition, where the relative minimum of the median sediment size is found, and the sizes of 0.063 and 0.125 mm predominate in the composition of the sample. Therefore, this new method allows the precise location of the DoC to be obtained in a fast and simple way. Furthermore, this method has the advantage that it is not affected by the modifications that may be experienced by both the study area and the cross-shore beach profile.  相似文献   

唐山M 4.8地震地磁谐波振幅比变化     

贾立峰  乔子云  张国苓  寇海川 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(5):39-47

针对2012年5月28日河北唐山M 4.8地震，采用地磁谐波振幅比方法，分析昌黎、静海、红山及承德地磁台2007年1月至2015年12月地磁观测数据，结果显示：各台站10 min周期的计算结果波动性明显，其他周期形态较为一致；距震中最近的昌黎地磁台Y_ZHx（NS）测向的10-40 min周期地磁谐波在下降至极低值后，开始转折时发生地震，而Y_ZHy（EW）测向未出现明显转折现象；位于河北平原地震带中部的静海地磁台对此次地震反应显著，2个测向在震前均出现下降-转折-上升的变化特征。通过对比位于不同地区的4个地磁台站地磁谐波振幅比变化，发现受大范围整体构造应力场作用的影响，计算结果具有相似的趋势性变化特征，具体到局部地区或断裂带内部，各台站之间显示出一定差异。  相似文献   

新疆塔什库尔干M_S 5.5地震前兆异常分析     

艾萨&#  伊斯马伊力  高丽娟 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(5):81-86

利用地震地磁分析方法及形态分析方法，分析2017年5月11日新疆塔什库尔干M_S 5.5地震前兆资料异常特征。结果表明：喀什地磁和伽师55井深层水温均出现明显的短期异常变化，主要表现为：①喀什地磁垂直分量逐日比、加卸载响应比均出现超限的高值异常；②中国大陆地磁台站在此次塔什库尔干M_S 5.5地震前出现低点位移突变分界线；③伽师55井深层水温出现弯曲型低值异常。  相似文献   

西安地震台极远震震相记录特征     

冯红武  王建昌  颜文华 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(6):120-129

以西安地震台记录的2001-2018年13次6级以上极远震为研究对象，依据AK135走时表进行震相分析，总结归纳典型极远震震相记录特征，以期提高震相分析水平和测震分析工作质量，为其他地震台站极远震分析工作提供借鉴。  相似文献   

呼伦湖流域氢氧稳定同位素特征及其对水体蒸发的指示作用     

高宏斌  李畅游  孙标  史小红  赵胜男  樊才睿 《湖泊科学》2018,30(1):211-219

以呼伦湖流域为例研究该区域氢氧稳定同位素在不同水体中的分布特征,并探讨氢氧稳定同位素对在该区域水文过程的指示作用.流域湖水、入湖河水、周边地下水水样的氢氧稳定同位素分析结果表明,夏季8月份湖水中的重氢氧稳定同位素比7月份的更加富集.而河水中氢氧稳定同位素在同一时间内的河流沿程上存在明显的差异,下游水体中的氢氧稳定同位素要比上游更加富集.研究区的河水和湖水的δ~(18)O-δD关系特征显示,河水和湖水的δ~(18)O-δD的关系点全部位于当地降水线的右下方,说明流域河水和湖水水体受到明显的蒸发作用.而井水的δ~(18)O-δD的关系点大都靠近当地大气降水线,说明这一区域的地下水主要是大气降水渗入地下形成.利用氢氧稳定同位素分馏过程中的氢氧稳定同位素的比率与剩余水体的关系,并在考虑湿度因子的动力分馏模拟下,计算出河水的剩余水体比例在0.85~0.96之间,而湖水的剩余水体比例在0.71~0.77之间.最后,利用氢氧稳定同位素质量平衡法对呼伦湖多年平均蒸发量进行了估算,估算的湖泊蒸发量结果与实测值相近,相对误差为5.4%,说明方法可靠.氢氧稳定同位素对于研究区域水文过程有着重要的作用,在今后呼伦湖流域水文研究中有着更加广泛的应用空间.  相似文献   

应用核磁共振技术分析干盐湖地区地下卤水空间分布特征——以昆特依干盐湖为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

杨修猛  刘文玉  韩凤清  韩继龙  HUSSAIN Syed Asim  年秀清  毛庆飞  严维德 《湖泊科学》2018,30(1):220-233

昆特依干盐湖位于柴达木盆地西北部,为特大型综合盐类矿床.大盐滩是昆特依干盐湖内最大的盐滩,地下赋存有一定量的卤水矿床,但该矿床的水文地质条件差,主要卤水矿层含水性弱,开采难度大.核磁共振找水方法作为当今世界上唯一的直接找水地球物理新方法,具有高分辨力、高效率、信息量丰富和解的唯一性等优点,本文运用该方法对昆特依干盐滩地区地下卤水空间分布特征进行研究,通过对核磁共振数据进行处理与反演,结合已有的地质与钻井资料,对测点进行综合地质-地球物理解释,获得以下认识:1)大盐滩0~130 m深度范围内,共存在3个卤水含水层,主要呈扁平状或漏斗状、近似层状展布,W1为晶间潜卤水层,渗透系数较大,颗粒较粗,单位体积含水量为0.4%~2.7%,W2和W3为晶间承压卤水层,渗透系数较小,颗粒较粗,单位体积含水量分别为0.2%~1.1%和0.1%~0.8%;2)大盐滩地区存在两个卤水富集区,分别为研究区西南部沉积盆地中心的Ⅰ号富卤区和盆地东北部的Ⅱ号富卤区;3)根据区域内卤水富集分布以及构造情况,划定大盐滩向斜沉积中心、大盐滩北侧F1~F8及遥F6断裂发育区和冷湖构造带为区域内主要的找矿找水远景区;4)GMR核磁共振系统在干盐滩地区理论探测深度为130 m,该系统不仅可以有效地探测自由水,而且可以依据束缚水的分布解译地下各类含水盐类矿物和含水黏土矿物的存在与分布.  相似文献   

东洞庭湖沉积物覆水后磷形态变化及其释放量   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王婷  王坤  姜霞 《湖泊科学》2018,30(4):937-947

研究干燥覆水后低流速条件下东洞庭湖沉积物中磷的形态变化及释放量,可以为轻度富营养化湖泊中磷的生物地球化学循环提供基础数据,为季节性湖泊內源营养盐的迁移转化规律研究、內源营养盐的释放风险评价提供理论依据.本文采集处于干湿交替状态的东洞庭湖表层沉积物,利用室内模拟装置,研究风干沉积物低流速条件下覆水后沉积物及上覆水中磷的形态变化.结果表明,低流速覆水后东洞庭湖沉积物中的磷向上覆水及大气中迁移释放,上覆水中磷的释放量随覆水时长增大,释放速率随覆水时长减小,上覆水流速和磷释放量相关性显著.上覆水循环过程中释放到上覆水中的溶解态有机磷比溶解态活性磷更容易吸附于颗粒物而转化为颗粒态磷.覆水后沉积物中各形态有机磷、无机磷及磷的生物有效性均发生转变,覆水初期沉积物中无机磷向有机磷转化,磷的生物可利用性增大;上覆水循环过程中有机磷向无机磷转化,磷的生物可利用性减小;覆水后沉积物的无机磷的主要组分由铝磷转变为铁磷,有机磷的主要组分有从中活性有机磷向活性有机磷转变的趋势.  相似文献